地理翻譯作業4

All other organisms in an ecosystem are consumers, or heterotrophs ("other-feeders" ) that cannot produce the nutrients they need through photosynthesis or other processes and must obtain their energystoring organic molecules and many other nutrients by feeding on other organisms or their remains.

在生態系中的其他生物是消費者或者其他的進食者，牠們不可能生產營養素來進行光合作用或其他過程需要，並且必須得到他們能量儲存中的有機分子，並且許多其他的營養素通過餵食在其他生物或牠們保持的。

Primary consumers, or herbivores (plant eaters), are animals such as rabbits and zooplankton that eat producers, mostly by feeding on green plants.

主要消費者或者草食性動物(吃植物的)，動物例如吃生產者的兔子和浮游動物，主要藉由餵食綠色植物。

Secondary consumers, or carnivores (meat eaters), are animals such as deer and some fish that feed on the flesh of herbivores.

次要消费者或者肉食性動物(肉食者)，動物例如在以草食性動物的骨肉來餵食的鹿和一些魚。

Third and higher-level consumers are carnivores such as tigers and wolves that feed on the flesh of other carnivores.

第三個最高級的消费者是肉食性動物例如在其他肉食性動物的骨肉來餵養的老虎和狼。

Some of these relationships are shown in Figure 3-8.

其中這些關係在表3-8顯示。

Omnivores such as pigs, foxes, cockroaches, and humans, play dual roles by feeding on both plants and animals.

雜食動物例如豬，狐狸，蟑螂和人，雜食動物扮演著雙重角色藉由用植物和動物來餵食。


Other consumer organisms called decomposers and detritus feeders complete the cycling of nutrients by releasing nutrients from the dead bodies of plants and animals for reuse by producers.

其他消費者生物稱做分解者和岩屑中的飼養者完成營養素的循環藉由釋放營養素從植物和動物的屍體由生產者再度使用的。

Decomposers, primarily certain types of bacteria and fungi, are specialized consumer organisms that recycle nutrients in ecosystems.

分解者主要是某些類型的細菌和真菌，回收在生態系統中的營養素的專業消費者生物。

They digest food outside of their bodies by secreting enzymes that break down the bodies of dead organisms into compounds such as water, carbon dioxide, minerals, and simpler organic compounds that producers can take up from the soil, water, and atmosphere and use as nutrients.
他們藉由藏匿為化合物劃分死的有機體身體例如水、二氧化碳、礦物和更加簡單的有機化合物生產者能從土壤佔去，澆灌和大氣和用途作為營養素的酵素消化食物在他們的身體外面。